Hey all...after a long time i came with a new idea which i have implemented,it is programming a AVR micro controller using WINAVR with ARDUINO as Programmer.its little bit confusing,dont worry.I will give you complete description. Generally we program a micro controller using a programmer,so here it is normal programming.normal programming in sense??we use the programmer according to the software we used(for example,to program arduino we use a usb cable which connected between pc and FTDI circuit as a programmer here controller will accepts the code because it contains a boot-loader ,similarly in AVR controllers we use some isp programmers like seria...
When we write numbers, we have ten different digits that we can put in each place (0-9). After that we need to add a new column of digits and we keep going. This is called the decimal system (or base 10). What would happen if instead of using ten digits we used eight, or two, or even sixteen? Well, what happens is instead of a decimal system we would have what's called binary, octal, or hexadecimal systems (base 2, base 8, and base 16). We use subscripts to denote the system we are using: 9876 10 is decimal (if we don't use a subscript we assume we are using decimal), 7653 8 is octal, 1010 2 is binary, and BEEF 16 is yummy hexadecimal. Binary – binary just has 1s and 0s. But much of our world is binary. Light switches are either up or down, your computer is either on or off, our servers are either currently up or down (hopefully up). Because computers are made up of billions of little switches (called transistors), they do calculations in binary...
The Analog World Microcontrollers are capable of detecting binary signals: is the button pressed or not? These are digital signals. When a microcontroller is powered from five volts, it understands zero volts (0V) as a binary 0 and a five volts (5V) as a binary 1. The world however is not so simple and likes to use shades of gray. What if the signal is 2.72V? Is that a zero or a one? We often need to measure signals that vary; these are called analog signals. A 5V analog sensor may output 0.01V or 4.99V or anything inbetween. Luckily, nearly all microcontrollers have a device built into them that allows us to convert these voltages into values that we can use in a program to make a decision. What is the ADC? An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is a very useful feature that converts an analog voltage on a pin to a digital number. By converting from the analog world to the digital world, we can begin to use electronics to interface to the analog world around us. Not every p...
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